This book presents the question of sustainable transportation viewed through social sciences. An important part is devoted to the current topic of sustainable transportation in cities. The publication explains important concepts and presents the main trends in the development of transportation in the world, on the level of the European Union and in the Czech Republic. It elaborates positive and negative impacts of transportation on society and environment. It was written to provide the basic concepts and connections of transportation, economy and society as well as plentiful of information concerning the implementation and functioning of economic tools for the transport regulation in practice. The book will be appreciated mainly by students of social and transportation-related fields as well as by experts, clerks or representatives of cities and towns and scholarly public, interested in how subsidies, taxes and fees in transportation work, what their effect on the economy and environment may be.